Hazard and risk. Natural and technological hazards. Hazard parameters. Vulnerability. Prevention, defense, mitigation, recovery, and management. Recurrence. Importance of secondary hazards including socio-economic ones. Human factor. The role of scientists. The aspects mentioned above are discussed for each hazard type listed below. Volcanism. Processes, products, and consequences. Secondary hazards: mass movements, lahars, torrents, floods, fires, hydrographic changes. Earthquakes. Processes. The role of local geology. Recognition of active faults. Secondary effects: liquefaction, groundwater, mass movement, floods, fires, tsunamis. Mapping types. Mass movements. Fall, creep, sliding, sediment gravity flows, and combinations. Recognizing activity of mass movements. Morphological changes. Mapping mass movements. Snow and ice hazards. Subsidence. Running water. River types and evolution. River parameters. Erosion and accumulation. Sediment movement. Morphological changes. Floods and alluviation. Wind. Deflation. Transport and accumulation of sand and dust. Sources of sediment. Coastal hazards. Waves, currents, and tides. Cliffs and beaches. Erosion and accumulation. Effects of storms. River mouths. Morphological changes. The influence of global changes. Environmental impact assessment.
Field project on active landslides.
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