1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	45
Exercises	30

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The main objective of the course is to expand students' knowledge of atmospheric dynamics on a large scale in extratropical latitudes, on mesoscale and microscale dynamics and turbulence. One of the main goals of dynamic meteorology is the interpretation of observed structures of atmospheric motions and the analysis and forecasting of weather according to the basic laws of physics. Expanding knowledge of mesoscale and microscale dynamics and turbulence.

COURSE CONTENT:
Structures of extratropical macro-disturbances. Quasi-geostrophic forecast, semi-geostrophic theory. Barotropic and baroclinic dynamical models of the atmosphere. Instabilities of atmospheric macro- and meso-processes: baroclinic, inertial-isentropic and buoyancy instability. Fronts. Conservation of atmospheric circulation. Energy balance of atmospheric circulation. Mesoscale processes. Mountain waves. Deep convection. Boundary layers of the atmosphere and turbulence. Introduction to spectral analysis of turbulent flows. Forecast of kinetic energy of turbulence. Monin-Obukhov length. Forecast of Reynolds stresses. Transport and diffusion of scalars in the atmosphere. Coastal and mountain circulation. Modeling of dynamics and parameterization of microscale atmospheric processes. Prandtl model of sloped boundary layer.

LEARNING METHOD:
Listening to lectures and exercises, studying literature and notes; derivation of equations and analysis of examples; independent solving of problems.

TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures, exercises, directing students to independent study of literature, independent presentation, independent solving of problems.

MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Students are required to regularly attend lectures and exercises, solve homework and give presentations. In addition, monitoring and discussion of current synoptic and local meteorological phenomena are required.

Student work in the course is monitored and evaluated during classes (solving assignments, oral presentations and additional tasks) and in the final written exam.

SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS:
Solved homework assignments during the semester and a 2-3 printed page summary of the course (main questions and assumptions, relations and conclusions).

EXAM METHOD:
Written (partially can be taken during exercises) and then an oral exam.

1. J. R. Holton: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 1992 (ili 2004)
2. R. B. Stull: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1988
3. N. Šinik i B. Grisogono: Dinamička meteorologija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2008
4. Grisogono, B. i D. Belušić: Uvod u mezoskalnu meteorologiju i atmosfersku turbulenciju, skripte 2009, Geofizički odsjek PMF-a http://www.gfz.hr/osobne_stranice/grisogono/DM4_SKRIPTA.htm
5. J. Pedlosky: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987
6. F. Mesinger: Dinamička meteorologija, Građevinska knjiga, Beograd, 1976
   Brojne internet stranice i ECMWF kursevi

Enrollment :
Attended : Dynamic Meteorology 3

Mandatory course - Regular study - Meteorology and Physical Oceanography