1. komponenta

Lecture type	Total
Lectures	45
Exercises	15

* Load is given in academic hour (1 academic hour = 45 minutes)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To introduce students with the properties of geomagnetic field, and the complex connection of the magnetic field with the highest layers of Earth's atmosphere. For this purpose, it is necessary to:
- handle physical processes that generate magnetic field,
- explain equations that connect electric and magnetic fields,
- elaborate and discuss the evolution of all the components of the geomagnetic field,
- describe the methods of measuring the geomagnetic field,
- define the particle distribution in all layers of the magnetosphere and their interaction with a magnetic field.

COURSE CONTENT:
Electromagnetic induction. Electrical conductivity. Maxwell equations. Magnetic properties of materials. Elements and basic properties of the geomagnetic field. Measurements of geomagnetic elements. Contributions to the measured magnetic field on the Earth's surface. Results of paleomagnetic research. Magnetic reversals. Temporal and spatial changes of the geomagnetic field. Evolution of the geomagnetic field. Modeling the geomagnetic field elements. The Solar Activity and physics of Sun-Earth space environment. Interplanetary magnetic field. Magnetospheric regions and related processes. Planetary magnetic fields.

COURSE PLAN AND PROGRAME:
1. Physical explanation of electromagnetic induction.
2. Drude's model of electrical conductivity.
3. Introduction to Maxwell's equations and their physical interpretation, transformations of electric and magnetic fields.
4. Magnetic properties of materials: physical explanations of the phenomena of paramagnetism, diamagnetism and ferromagnetism.
5. Defining the elements of the geomagnetic field. Basic characteristics of the geomagnetic field.
6. Measuring the elements of the geomagnetic field: geomagnetic observatories, repeat stations, satellites. Measuring instruments.
7. Internal magnetic field, external magnetic field and the crustal field
8. Paleomagnetic and archaeomagnetic records, evidence of the existence of a magnetic field in the ancient past and of changes in the magnetic field. Magnetic reversals (reversals).
9. Temporal and spatial changes in all components of the geomagnetic field (internal, external and crustal fields).
10. Theory of the origin of the magnetic field: physical explanation of the geomagnetic dynamo, necessary conditions for the existence of the field, temperature regime in the interior of the Earth.
11. Mathematical foundations of models for modeling the geomagnetic field, introduction to recent models and their results.
12. Solar activity and physics of the Sun-Earth space.
13. Solar wind. Interplanetary magnetic field. Influence of changes on the Sun and in interplanetary space on the geomagnetic field. Geomagnetic storms and tides.
14. Definition of the magnetosphere, characteristic areas in it (radiation belts, plasmasphere, plasma plane) and currents in the magnetosphere (magnetopause current, magnetotail current, ring current).
15. Characteristics of the magnetic fields of other planets. Comparison with the Earth's magnetic field.

LEARNING MODE:
Studying literature, listening to lectures, analyzing examples and practicing, discussing the results of homework assignments.

TEACHING METHODS:
Lectures, individual and group discussions, set individual tasks, using internet, discussion of examples.

METHODS OF MONITORING AND VERIFICATION:
Attending lectures. Written and oral exam.

TERMS FOR RECEIVING THE SIGNATURE:
Attendance in teaching 70%.

EXAMINATION METHODS:
Midterms, exam
The exam consists of:
1. two written midterms during the semester
2. written exam
3. oral exam
Ad 1. Midterms consist of 2 questions from the material covered: one task and one
theoretical question. The time to solve them is 90 minutes.
A minimum of 50% of points achieved on the 1st midterm is a condition for taking the 2nd midterm. Each question carries 10 points.
Students are allowed to view the midterm and discuss it.
Students can take an oral test from the material covered by the midterm if they whish to get higher grade.
The final grade from the midterm is based on the average grade of both midterms.
Ad 2. The written part of the exam consists of solving 2 tasks from the entire course material.
The time to solve them is 90 minutes.
Students who successfully pass all the preliminary exams do not have to take the written exam.
Each question carries 10 points.
Students are given access to the exam.
Ad 3. The oral exam consists of 2 theoretical questions from the entire course material. The examination time is approximately 30 minutes.
Each question carries 10 points.
The final grade is based on the results achieved in the written and oral parts of the exam.
The grade for each preliminary exam, as well as the written and oral parts of the exam, is formed as follows:
0-10 insufficient (1)
11-13 sufficient (2)
14-16 good (3)
17-18 very good (4)
19-20 excellent (5)

1. Campbell, W.H.: Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2003.
   Vršnak, B.: Temelji fizike plazme, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1996.
   Proelss, G.:Physics of the Earth's Space Environment, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
   New York, 2004.
   Parks,G.K.: Physics of space plasma,an introduction,Westview press, Boulder, 2004.
2. Vršnak, B.: Temelji fizike plazme, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1996.
3. Proelss, G.:Physics of the Earth's Space Environment, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
   New York, 2004.
4. Parks,G.K.: Physics of space plasma,an introduction,Westview press, Boulder, 2004.

Enrollment :
Passed : Numerical Methods in Physics 1
Attended : Numerical Methods in Physics 2

Mandatory course - Regular study - Meteorology and Physical Oceanography
Mandatory course - Regular study - Seismology and Physics of Solid Earth