COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the course Fundamentals of human anatomy and histology is to acquire basic knowledge about human anatomy and histology. In addition, the goal is to demonstrate knowledge of the basic anatomical and histological structure of the human body (from tissues to organs and organ systems) on available anatomical models, cadavers and permanent histological slides.
COURSE CONTENT:
LECTURES
1) Introduction to human anatomy and spine;
2) Bones and joints, facial rejuvenation, orbit, n. facialis, n. maxillaris, n. ophthalmicus, n. oculomotorius, n. trochelaris, n. abducens;
3) Nasal cavity, n. olfactorius, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, n. mandibularis, n. hypoglossus, n. glossopharyngeus, n. vagus, neck muscles, n. accessorius, plexus cervicalis, blood vessels of the neck, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, plexus brachialis, muscles of the shoulder girdle, upper arms, forearms and hands, nerves of the hand, blood vessels of the hand, lymph of the hand;
4) Gorders and division of the chest, nn. intercostales, lungs, heart, large blood vessels of the mediastinum, thoracic part of the trachea and esophagus, proximal part of the vagus and phrenic nerves, truncus symphaticus; abdominal cavity, division of the abdominal space, peritoneal space, stomach and duodenum, small and large intestine, liver, portal vein system, spleen, lymphatic system in general;
5) Boundaries and communications of the retroperitoneal space, kidneys and ureters, abdominal aorta and branches, inferior vena cava and tributaries, lumbar plexus, adrenal glands, sympathetic chain of the retroperitoneum; borders and communications of the pelvis, arteria and vena iliaca communis, arteria and vena iliaca interna and externa, urinary bladder and urethra, male genitals, female genitals, plexus sacralis, autonomic nervous system of the pelvis;
6) Muscles of the gluteal region, upper legs, lower legs and feet, nerves of the leg, blood vessels of the leg, lymph of the leg;
7) Eye membranes, dioptric device of the eye, adaptation of the eye to light/darkness and distance/nearness, blood vessels of the eye, n. opticus, outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, nervus vestibulocochlearis;
8) Sheaths of the central nervous system, spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, diencephalon, telencephalon, cerebral ventricles, intracerebral and extracerebral liquor spaces;
9) Introduction to histology. The principles of preparative techniques. Basic classification into four basic tissue types;
10) Epithelial tissues: division, location, function, microscopic structure. Connective tissue: cell types and structure of the ground substance, collagen formation). Adipose tissue. Bone marrow. Blood;
11) Muscle tissue: division, location, function, microscopic structure (skeletal, smooth, cardiac). Nervous tissue: division, location, function, microscopic structure (neurons, nerve fibers, neuroglia, structure of the central and peripheral nervous system);
12) Structure of the immune system (cells, diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic organs). Endocrine glands;
13) Structure of the digestive tract (stomach, intestine) and digestive glands (liver and pancreas);
14) Structure of the respiratory system: structure of the conducting ducts and respiratory zone. Urinary system: structure of the kidneys;
15) Reproductive system. Functional structure of male and female gonads. Structure of oviducts and uterus. Fertilization and early human development.
EXERCISES ANATOMY
An insight into the topographical-anatomical relationships of the organs and structures of the human body with the help of models, digital representations, atlases and cadavers:
1) Principles of structure and division of the human body; spine;
2) Bones and joints;
3) Locomotor muscles;
4) Head, neck and hand;
5) Thorax and peritoneal space of the abdomen;
6) Retroperitoneal space of the abdomen and pelvis;
7) Leg and brain.
EXERCISES HISTOLOGY
Practical exercises that enable the differentiation, analysis and comparison of tissue and organ structures based on permanent histological slides for light microscopy:
8) Tissue sampling, preparation of permanent histological slides. Microscopy of permanent histological slides. Structure and types of epithelial and connective tissue;
9) Supporting connective tissue: bone and cartilage. Structure and types of muscle and nervous tissue;
10) Structure of blood vessels, blood cells. Bone marrow. Lymphatic system: structure of thymus, lymph node and spleen;
11) Structure of the digestive tract: stomach, small intestine. Structure of digestive glands: liver and pancreas;
12) Urinary system: kidney structure. Respiratory system: trachea and lungs;
13) Endocrine system: pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland;
14) Reproductive system: structure of ovaries and testicles. Structure of oviducts and uterus;
15) A brief overview of the embryological stages of human development.
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Osnove histologije, udžbenik i atlas, L. C. Junqueira, J. Carneiro. Osnove histologije, udžbenik i atlas (Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2005.), L. C. Junqueira, J. Carneiro, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2005.
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Anatomija, D. Jalšovec, Anatomija (Naklada Slap, Zagreb, 2013.), D. Jalšovec, Naklada Slap, Zagreb, 2013.
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Sustavna i topografska anatomija čovjeka, D. Jalšovec, Sustavna i topografska anatomija čovjeka (Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2005.), D. Jalšovec, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2005.
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Fundamentals of Anatomy & Phisiology, F. H. Martini, J. L. Nath, E. F. Bartholomew, Fundamentals of Anatomy & Phisiology (Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2017.), F. H. Martini, J. L. Nath, E. F. Bartholomew, Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2017.
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Anatomski atlas, A. M. Gilroy, B. R. MacPherson, L. M. Ross. (urednici hrvatskoga izdanja: V. Katavić, I. Marić, K. Vilović), Anatomski atlas, (Medicinska naklada, Zagreb, 2020.), A. M. Gilroy, B. R. MacPherson, L. M. Ross (urednici hrvatskoga izdanja: V. Katavić, I. Marić, K. Vilović), Medicinska naklada, Zagreb, 2020.
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