Introduction to the Earth (shape and size, mass and density, the Moon, the Earth's axis, the Earth's orbit, temperatures on Earth, atmosphere, origin of Earth, origin of water on Earth, Earth's interior - formerly and today). Coordinates on the Earth's surface (sphere coordinates, axis and major circle, latitude and longitude, Earth as spheroid, geoid and geoid undulations, altitude and depths). Gravity (Newton's law of gravitation and force of gravity, centripetal and centrifugal forces, gravitation, Clairaut's theorem, measurements of gravity accelerations, reduction of measured values of gravity accelerations - correction for altitude, Bouguer's correction, topographical correction, normal values of gravity accelerations, gravity field of the Earth, anomalies of gravity field, tides). Isostasy (concept of isostasy, Pratt's and Airy's theory of isostasy). Seismicity and the sources of earthquakes (concept of seismicity, spatial distribution and statistics of earthquakes, causes of earthquakes, sources and types of earthquakes, earthquake mechanism and Reid's elastic rebound theory, macroseismic method of earthquake investigation - earthquake intensity, macroseismic scales, isoseismal maps, microseismic method of earthquake investigation - earthquake magnitude, microseisms, tsunami). Seismic waves and Earth's internal structure (constants of elasticity, oscillation and waves, wave equation, reflection, refraction, concept of seismograph, earthquake waves - body and surface, hodochrones and microseismical method of epicenter determination, earthquake magnitude, investigations of Earth's interior, Moho discontinuity). Earth's magnetism (general terms, the Earth's magnetic field, geomagnetic elements, magnetosphere and main field, magnetic poles, polar light). Earth's internal heat (heat as energy transfer, heat flow, heat conduction, heat convection - adiabatic temperature gradient, measurement of the Earth's surface heat flow).
Method of knowledge assessment and examination:
1) ) During the semester, each student is required to work on one seminar topic from the course area. The student can choose the topic independently or in agreement with the teacher, and submit the seminar paper in writing no later than January 15, 2025. Each seminar paper will be graded (OS).
2) During the semester, two mandatory midterms will be held (students will be informed about the date and schedule of these during lectures and via the course website). In order for the student to properly fulfill his/her teaching obligation, he/she must collect at least 20% of points on each of the two midterms.
3) Students whose seminar paper is graded with a minimum grade of good (3) and who collect at least 50% of points in both preliminary exams (according to the achieved percentage, they are graded with grades OK1 and OK2) will be offered a grade (O) at the end of the semester, obtained in the following way:
O=(OK1+OK2+0.4OS)/2.4
4) Students who are not satisfied with the offered grade may take an oral exam, in which case a grade lower than the one offered may be obtained. The final overall grade will be obtained as follows (oral exam grade - Ou):
O=(Ou+0.5?((OK1+OK2+0.4OS)/2.4))/1.5
5) Students who have earned the right to take the exam (received a positive grade from the seminar paper and scored less than 50%, but more than 20%, of points in one or both of the preliminary exams) may take the exam during the exam periods, where, if they pass, they will receive a grade of Oi (average of the grades from the written and oral parts of the exam). Students will be informed about the exam schedule on the course website. The overall grade for the course (O), which is enrolled in ISVU, will be obtained (similarly to the previous case) in the following way:
O=(Oi+0.5?((OK1+OK2+0.4OS)/2.4))/1.5
Grade table depending on percentage:
50-60% - 2
60.1-75% -3
75.1-90% - 4
90.1-100% - 5
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