COURSE GOALS: Course goals are to acquire theoretical and experimental knowledge of the basics in statistical physics and thermodynamics, gaining operational knowledge of the methods for solving numerical problems in statistical physics and thermodynamics, and achieving skills of reducing the real problems in statistical physics and thermodynamics to a physical model, with setting up the appropriate equations.
LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE LEVEL OF THE PROGRAMME:
1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
1.1 formulate and interpret the basic laws of physics including mechanics, electromagnetism and thermodynamics
2. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
2.1 develop a way of thinking that allows the student to set the model or to recognize and use the existing models in the search for solutions to specific physical and analog problems
2.2 recognize analogies in the situations that are physically different, as well as in the situations analogous to the physical ones, as well as applying known solutions when solving new problems
5. LEARNING SKILLS
5.1 consult professional literature independently as well as other relevant sources of information, which implies a good knowledge of English as a language of professional communication
LEARNING OUTCOMES SPECIFIC FOR THE COURSE:
Upon passing the course on General Physics 4, the student will be able to:
- develop a simple physical model applicable to solving a given problem in statistical physics and thermodynamics;
- set mathematical formulation of a given physical model in statistical physics and thermodynamics;
- solve numerical tasks for known systems in statistical physics and thermodynamics;
- demonstrate operational use of statistical distributions relevant to thermodynamics;
- demonstrate knowledge of the properties of the paramagnetic systems, classical ideal gas, and basics of vibrations of particles in solid state bodies;
- demonstrate knowledge of equilibrium and irreversible processes;
- demonstrate knowledge of internal combustion engines;
- demonstrate basic knowledge of real gases and phase transitions.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Lectures per weeks (15 weeks in total):
Week 1: The macroscopic, microscopic and available thermodynamic states. The basic postulate of statistical physics. Steady state and fluctuations.
Week 2: Temperature. Entropy. The canonical distribution. The partition function. Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Extensive and intensive thermodynamic quantities.
Week 3: Temperature scale. Mean kinetic energy and pressure of an ideal classical gas. Thermometers.
Week 4: Paramagnetism. Negative temperature. Oscillations of particles in solid state bodies: Einstein and Debyeov model. Heat capacity.
Week 5: The ideal classical gas: partition function. Photoelectric effect.
Week 6: The canonical distribution in the classical approximation of statistical physics. Equipartition of energy and its applications. Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecules by velocities.
Week 7: Thermal radiation. Planck's law of radiation of black bodies.
Week 8: The first, second and third laws of thermodynamics. Quasi-equilibrium and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
Week 9: Thermodynamic state functions. The enthalpy and free energy.
Week 10: Maxwell's thermodynamic relations. Systems of variable number of particles.
Week 11: Thermodynamics of ideal gases. Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic processes. Maximum technically useful work.
Week 12: The entropy of an ideal gas. The mixture of ideal gases. Mean free path.
Week 13: Real gases and van der Waals equation. Phase transitions. Flow of real gases.
Week 14: Heat Engines: Carnot cycle. The steam engine, Stirling machine, petrol and diesel engines.
Week 15: Transfer phenomena: heat transfer, diffusion, viscosity.
Exercises follow lectures by content:
Week 1: The macroscopic, microscopic and available thermodynamic states.
Week 2: Temperature. Entropy. The canonical distribution. The partition function.
Week 3: Mean kinetic energy and pressure of an ideal classical gas.
Week 4: Paramagnetism. Negative temperature. Oscillations of particles in solid state bodies. Heat capacity.
Week 5: The ideal classical gas: partition function. Photoelectric effect.
Week 6: The canonical distribution in the classical approximation of statistical physics. Equipartition of energy and its applications. Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecules by velocities.
Week 7: Thermal radiation. Planck's law of radiation of black bodies.
Week 8: The first, second and third laws of thermodynamics. Quasi-equilibrium and irreversible processes. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
Week 9: Thermodynamic state functions. The enthalpy and free energies.
Week 10: Maxwell's thermodynamic relations. Systems of variable number of particles.
Week 11: Thermodynamics of ideal gases. Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic processes.
Week 12: The entropy of an ideal gas. The mixture of ideal gases. Mean free path.
Week 13: Real gases and van der Waals equation. Phase transitions. Flow of real gases.
Week 14: Heat Engines: Carnot cycle. The steam engine, Stirling machine, petrol and diesel engines.
Week 15: Transfer phenomena: heat transfer, diffusion, viscosity.
REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS:
Students are required to regularly attend lectures, seminars and exercises, and actively participate in solving problems during exercises. Furthermore, students are required to pass two colloquiums and four tests during the semester, and to achieve at least 33% of the total number of points on them.
GRADING AND ASSESSING THE WORK OF STUDENTS:
The final exam consists of written and oral examinations, final score is the average value of grades obtained on each of them. Additional points can be achieved by successful solving homework assignments and prize tasks. Written exam can be replaced by a successful solving of two colloquiums.
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- F. Reif: Statistical Physics, Berkeley Physics Course, vol. V, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1967.
Skripta iz kolegija dostupna na sustavu za e-učenje Merlin.
Richard Feynman: Lectures in Physics II, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1964.
Hugh D. Young, Roger Freedman: Sears and Zemansky's University Physics, Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2008.
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