1. Structural formulas and molecular polarity. Dipole moments. Non-bonding interactions: dipole interactions (permanent and induced dipoles), dispersion (London) forces, repulsive interactions. Hydrogen bonds. Energy of intermolecular interactions.
2. Real gases vs. ideal gases. Interactions and the van der Waals equation. Liquids: physical properties (viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure). Solid state: structural characteristics. Amorphous solids, allotropy, polymorphism, isomorphism. Phases, phase transitions. Phase diagrams. Critical state.
3. Solvents and solutions. Interactions between solutes and solvents. Solvation.
4. Stoichiometry of chemical reactions (reactions between solutions, equivalence, reversible reactions...).
5. Chemical equilibrium. Rate of chemical transformation. Elementary reactions. Composition at equilibrium. Chemical reaction equations and the equilibrium constant. Expression of the composition of the reaction mixture. Le Chatelier's principle. Phase equilibrium.
6. Solubility product, ionic and covalent compounds in solution. Colligative properties of solutions (basics). Vapor pressure of the solvent. Boiling point. Melting point. Osmosis and osmotic pressure. Colligative properties of electrolyte solutions.
7. Acid-base equilibrium. Definitions of acids and bases. Strength of acids and bases. Polyprotic acids. Electrolyte solutions. Hydrolysis, solvolysis.
8. Electrochemical reactions. Types of electrodes. Galvanic cells. Electrode processes. Electrolysis, Faraday's law. Corrosion.
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Chemistry, M. S. Silberberg, McGraw-Hill.
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General chemistry: principles and modern applications, R. H. Petrucci et al, Pearson Canada Inc.
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Chemistry: Introducing inorganic, organic and physical chemistry, A. Burrows et al, Oxford University Press.
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