Course Objective:
To train students to quantify and interpret selected dynamic processes in the oceans through the application of simple analytical models, including motions generated by wind forcing and heat and mass fluxes at the sea surface, the action of tidal forces, processes realized through wave and forced motions, as well as to provide insight into selected and current research topics in oceanography.
Course Plan and Program:
1. Quasi-stationary flow: geostrophic?hydrostatic model.
2. Thermal wind equation, relationship between isobaric and isopycnal surfaces, barotropic and baroclinic mass fields.
3. General circulation of seas and oceans.
4. Simple diffusion model of thermohaline circulation.
5. Ekman model of wind-driven circulation: drift currents.
6. Ekman model of wind-driven circulation: slope currents.
7. Ekman model of wind-driven circulation: relative currents.
8. Short-period waves in the sea: general solution.
9. Short-period waves in the sea: wave model in deep and shallow water and its application in interpreting seiches and tsunamis.
10. Long-period waves in the sea: governing equations in the f-plane and ?-plane.
11. Long-period waves in the sea: model of inertial-gravity waves and its application in interpreting seiches and inertial oscillations.
12. Long-period waves in the sea: Rossby wave model.
13. Forced motion in the sea: tides (generating force, description of the phenomenon, equilibrium model).
14. Forced motion in the sea: storm surges (air pressure and wind, description of the phenomenon, inverse barometer effect and equilibrium wind surge).
15. Forced motion in the sea: sea level rise (surface fluxes of heat and water, description of the phenomenon, simple model).
16. Selected research topics: meteotsunamis.
17. Selected research topics: climate modeling and climate projections of ocean properties.
Practical Exercises:
Data collected through in situ and remote measurements are analyzed, and solutions are computed using selected analytical models covered in the lectures.
Learning Methods:
Listening to lectures, studying notes and literature, data analysis, application of software packages for calculations.
Teaching Methods:
Lectures and discussions. Assignments based on oceanographic data. Development of computational solutions using advanced software packages (Python or MATLAB).
Assessment and Evaluation:
Attendance, homework assignments, written and oral exams.
Requirements for Course Completion:
Completion of all assignments given during exercises.
Examination Method:
Written and oral exam.
The written exam includes: (i) an essay describing a relevant thematic problem related to the course material ? the essay must be completed within 24 hours of topic assignment according to given instructions and submitted by email as a PDF document; and (ii) solving a problem related to the course material within 120 minutes.
The oral exam includes multiple questions related to the course material, as well as functional connections with previously completed courses, especially Physical Oceanography I.
Grading:
The final grade consists of 60% written exam and 40% oral exam.
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Uvod u fizičku oceanografiju, Orlić, Mirko, Element, 2022.
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Physical Oceanography of Coastal Waters, Bowden K. F., Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1983.
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Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Cushman-Roisin B. and J.-M. Beckers, Second Edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011.
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Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Knauss J. A., Second Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
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Ocean Circulation, Open University Course Team, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2001.
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Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes, Open University Course Team, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2002.
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Uvod u fizičku oceanografiju, Orlić M., Element d.o.o., Zagreb, 2022.
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Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, Pond S. and G. L. Pickard, Third Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997.
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Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Stewart R. H., Department of Oceanography Texas A&M University, 2003.
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