LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Explain and compare the structure of nucleic acids, the central dogma of molecular biology
2. Explain what the genetic code is and name its characteristics
3. Explain the characteristics of model organisms and learn how cells and tissues are used in research and treatment
4. Explain DNA amplification methods, including PCR, qPCR, and gene cloning, and list techniques for introducing foreign DNA into plant and animal cells
5. Describe methods used to detect nucleic acids and proteins, and outline the principles of gene editing
6. Describe and compare traditional and next-generation sequencing methods, and explain their applications in research
7. Define GMOs, outline how they are produced, and list their advantages and disadvantages.
8. Discuss the role of biotechnology in the production of useful molecules, comparing applications in food production and healthcare
LECTURES:
1. Introduction to the course, the flow of genetic information, the genetic code, and the principles of protein design (the structure of DNA, definition of a gene and its relatedness to the protein synthesis)
2. The concept of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the use of cells as research models, stem cells and tissue engineering
3. Basic methods in molecular biology: PCR (basic principles and primer design), RT-PCR, qPCR,
5. Basic methods in molecular biology: DNA sequencing or Sanger (dedoxy nucleotides) and NGS (next generation sequencing), human genome project, application of DNA sequencing
6. Basic methods in molecular biology: hybridization of nucleic acids (Northern blotting and Southern blotting), RFPL, microarray
7. Basic methods in molecular biology: recombinant DNA technology (principles and application), genome cloning, gene therapy
8. Transgenic plants and animals: gene transfer in plants and animals (A. tumefaciens, T plasmid, chimeric animals, viral vectors)
9. GMO organisms, overview, risks and benefits
10. Basic biotechnology: from the starting substrate to the final product. Examples of fermentation, "green technologies", production of biologically important molecules, production of vaccines
SEMINAR:
Students should prepare a short power point presentation on a given or chosen topic related to the course. Oral presentation is obligatory.
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