Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning

TITLE OF COURSE: Research Methodology 4

OUTLINE OF COURSE/MODULE CONTENT

Typology in spatial planning

Purpose of developing typologies. Advantages and disadvantages of typologies as research and planning methods. Examples of developing typologies in rural and urbanised settlements in Croatia. Methods: aggregate and disaggregate approaches to spatial typologies. Selection of variables. Multivariate analysis (factor and cluster analysis in the development of spatial typologies). GIS in the development of spatial typologies.

Regionalisation in spatial planning – examples of the tourism and geographic regionalisation of Croatia

Approaches, methods and criteria of tourism and geographic regionalisation using the example of Croatia as a whole, and in individual tourism regions of Croatia. Determining the elements of homogeneity as a starting point for defining tourism regions. Creating a set of indicators for each element of homogeneity. Methods of geographic analysis and synthesis: statistical analysis, field surveys, spatial modelling, spatial visualisation with the creation of thematic maps in GIS. Possible applications of study results.

Central settlements system

Theory of central settlements in the light of Euclidian and relational concepts of geography. Examples of developing the central settlements system in Croatia. Methods: quantitative and qualitative approaches to determining the level of centrality. Location coefficients. Gravitational areas. Statistical methods of analysing central settlements systems. Application of study results in regional and spatial planning.

Planning and development of rural areas

Contemporary legal foundations for planning (rural) areas in Croatia: spatial planning, regional development, environmental protection, rural development. Recognising and assessing the development opportunities and limitations in rural areas of Croatia, with special emphasis on the opportunities for the local population. Methods of geographic analysis and synthesis: descriptive statistics, field surveys, mapping, spatial visualisation and drafting thematic maps in GIS.

Tourism and recreation in regional development

Indicators of tourism development in the regional context. Weekend settlements in the coastal part of Croatia as recreational and tourism activities – indicators of spatial development and proposals for spatial planning guidelines with the management of secondary recreational inhabitation. Similarities and difference in the spatial development of tourism and weekend visits along the Croatian coast. Methodologies of statistically tracking tourism and recreation (weekend visits) – examples from Croatian and foreign statistical sources. Research methods: statistical analysis, visualisation of spatial data using thematic mapping.

Marginal areas of Croatia – approaches, identities and analysis

The concept of marginality and marginalisation. Problems of identification and measurement of marginalisation. Geographic marginality. Social marginality. Indicators of marginality. Marginalisation as a process. Flexibility of concepts: levels and perspectives. Research methodology: research is possible at all levels, from global to local. Conducting identification and geographic analyses of marginal areas using GIS, surveying and interview, and different statistical methods.

Scenarios in researching and planning space

Objectives of developing scenarios. Types of scenarios. Application of the scenario method at various spatial levels. Advantages and disadvantages of scenario methods in research and planning space. Examples of drafting scenarios in the spatial development of Dalmatia, and development scenarios for rural areas of Croatia. Methods: integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Selection of variables. Spatial visualisation with the creation of thematic maps in GIS. Multivariate analysis (factor and cluster analysis). Delfi methods. Simulations.

LITERATURE

Curić, Z., Glamuzina, N., Opačić, V. T., 2012: Contemporary issues in the regional development of tourism in Croatia. Hrvatski geografski glasnik, vol. 74, br. 1, 19-40. doi:10.21861/HGG.2012.74.01.02

Horvat, Z., Toskić, A., 2017: Marginalnost kao znanstveno-istraživačka tema u geografiji - s osvrtom na Međimurje.  Podravina: časopis za multidisciplinarna istraživanja. Vol. 16, No. 32, 159-171.

Lukić, A. Obad, O. 2016: New Actors in Rural Development: The LEADER Approach and Projectification in Rural Croatia. Sociologia i prostor, 54 (1),  71-90.

Lukić, A. Radeljak Kaufmann, P. 2018: Academic Visions of the Good Countryside in Croatia: Using the Delphi Approach. U: Paul Carril, V., Camilo Lois Gonzalez, R., Manuel Trillo Santamaria, J. & Haslam McKenize, F. (ur.) 26th Annual Colloquium of the Commission on the Sustainability of Rural Systems of International Geographical Union, «Infinite Rural Systems in a Finite Planet: Bridging Gaps towards Sustainability». Santiago de Compostela, 16-21.07.2018.

Lukić, A., 2012: Mozaik izvan grada – tipologija ruralnih i urbaniziranih naselja Hrvatske. Meridijani, Samobor.

Nejašmić, I., Toskić, A., 2015: Starenje stanovništva pograničnih područja Hrvatske. Acta geographica Croatica. 40, 1-13.

Nejašmić, I., Toskić, A., 2016: Ostarjelost stanovništva seoskih naselja Republike Hrvatske. Migracijske i etničke teme. Vol. 32, No. 2, 191-219.

Opačić, V. T., 2012: Vikendaštvo u hrvatskom priobalju: jučer, danas, sutra. Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Zagreb.

Radeljak Kaufmann, P., 2016: Integrating factor analysis and the Delphi method in scenario development: A case study of Dalmatia, Croatia. Applied geography 71, 56-68.

Radeljak Kaufmann, P., 2016: Metoda scenarija u istraživanju i planiranju prostora/Scenario Method in Spatial Research and Planning. Hrvatski geografski glasnik 78 (1), 45-71.

Radeljak Kaufmann, P., 2017: Izrada i analiza scenarija u prostornom planiranju: scenariji prostornog razvoja Dalmacije do 2031. godine. Annales; Anali za Istrske in Mediteranske Študije; Series Historia et Sociologia 27 (3), 581-598.

Šulc, I., Opačić, V. T., 2015: Typology of tourist resorts in Croatia: the case of South Dalmatia. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, vol. 157, 229-252. doi: 10.1553/moegg157s229

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTION METHODS
Lectures and consultations. Each course teacher shall deliver 2-4 lectures, depending on the representation of the theme and methodology.

DESCRIPTION OF COURSE/MODULE REQUIREMENTS
Regular attendance at lectures. Giving form to the methodological framework of his/her own research. Fulfilment of obligations shall be confirmed by the course teachers by their signatures in the student’s record book (Index).

DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING OF TEACHING QUALITY
The mechanisms of institutional monitoring of teaching quality (the Regulations on Doctoral Study of the University of Zagreb, Form DR.SC. -04, DR.SC. -09).

ECTS: The ECTS system shall not be applied.

TITLE OF COURSE: Research Methodology 5

OUTLINE OF COURSE/MODULE CONTENT

Changes to the functional structure of cities

Analysing the influence of contemporary macro-processes such as deindustrialisation, post-Fordism, globalisation and internationalisation on the functional structure of cities, and their consequences at the micro-level. Influence of changes of the functional structure of cities on the socio-spatial structure. Analysis of the current state of change of the functional structure of individual parts of cities following rezoning. Assessment of sustainability of planned and implemented procedures to rezone city lands, and determining the socio-spatial effects of rezoning and assessing the impacts on the local community and functioning of the structure of the broader area. Application of different methods and tools: mapping, analysis of existing maps, plans and aerial photos, autopsy methods, different socioeconomic analyses, SWOT analysis of selected locations. Analysis of various frameworks and indicators of sustainable urban development. Case studies include the selection and analysis of potential locations in a city that have experienced functional repurposing over the past 20 years.

Changes in the trade structure of the city

Analysis of changes in the trade structure in a transitional period. Analysis of changes in the spatial structure of the city, using the example of the City of Zagreb. Analysing the consequences of development of shopping centres on changes in the trade structure of the city. Analysis of stakeholders in the selection of locations for the construction of shopping centres. Analysis of changes in the function of shopping centres. Research methodology: processing statistical data, mapping, interview method and surveying.

Economic and social changes in Croatia

Research encompasses the economic and social changes of various spatial scopes, from small settlements, cities, to regions and entire nations. The timeframe is the present. The research is based on official statistical data, survey data, structural interviews and other available sources. Economic changes primarily pertain to measures of development, factors of development, attitude towards the environment, the impacts of war, mutual comparisons, shaping the region. GIS technology is used in the spatial analysis of data. Research methodology: analysis of available statistical data, structural interviews, surveying.

Changes in the spatial structure of Croatian cities and city regions

Spatial organisation and development of Croatian regions. Processes in city regions. Development tendencies of city regions. Planning the development of cities and city regions. Research methodology: field research methods, mapping and surveying, processing and analysing statistical data, analysing maps.

Sustainable regional, economic and geographic development

Sustainable development at the local and regional levels (settlements, cities, municipalities, counties). Analysis of change in regional, economic and geographic structure of these areas. Comparison and analysis of factors of regional, economic and geographic development. Assessment of future trends of regional development. Comparison of regional indicators. Research methodology: analysis of statistical data, mapping, field studies, surveying, interviewing and other forms of independent data collection.

Social aspects of the impacts of transport

Analysis of the impacts of transport on the daily life of the population, particularly vulnerable social groups. Analysis of the impacts of transport marginalisation on the daily life of the population, in line with the concept of transport fairness and equity. Determining the transport marginalised urban and rural areas. Examining issues in mobility and accessibility of the population, especially vulnerable social groups. Analysis of the transport habits of the population. Examining the issues of transport organisation in urban and rural areas. Research methodology: processing and analysis of statistical data, mapping, surveying, interviewing, focus groups, field study methods, autopsy methods, analysis of maps.

LITERATURE

Braičić, Z., Lončar, J., 2015:  Economical-geographical Analysis of Differentiated Development in Croatian Coastal Region. Revija za geografijo, 10-1, 7-24,  Univerza v Mariboru, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za geografijo

Braičić, Z., Stiperski, Z., Njegač, D., 2009: Utjecaj gospodarske tranzicije i rata na promjene u prostornoj slici zaposlenosti Sisačke regije. Hrvatski geografski glasnik 71 (1), 103-125

Jakovčić, M., Spevec, D., 2004: Trgovački centri u Zagrebu. Hrvatski geografski glasnik 66 (1), 47-65

Gašparović, S., 2016: Teorijske postavke prometne marginaliziranosti. Hrvatski geografski glasnik, 78 (1), 73-95.

Gašparović, S., 2017: Transport Disadvantaged Spaces. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 7 (4), 516-533.

Gašparović, S., Jakovčić, M., 2014: Prometna marginaliziranost na primjeru srednjoškolaca Grada Zagreba. Geoadria, 19 (1), 61-99.

Harjač, D., Gašparović, S., Jakovčić, M.: Prometno-geografska obilježja Varaždinske županije – stanje i perspektive razvoja. Acta Geographica Croatica, prihvaćen za objavljivanje

Jakovčić, M., 2006: Business functions and the problem of closure of commercial outlets in Ilica street in Zagreb. Hrvatski geografski glasnik 68 (1), 27-50

Jakovčić, M., Rebernik, D., 2008: Comparative Analysis of Development of Retail and Shopping Centres after 1990. in Ljubljana and Zagreb. Hrvatski geografski glasnik, 70 (2), 33-48

Jakovčić, M., Rendulić, I., 2008: Razvoj i funkcije kupovnih centara u Zadru. Geoadria 13 (1),97-117

Lončar, J., Maradin, M., 2009: Environmental challenges for sustainable development in the Croatian North Adriatic littoral region. Dela, 31, 159-173, Ljubljana

Lončar, J., Marinković, V., 2015: Analysis Of Socio-Economic Indicators In The Context Of Regional Development Of Eastern Croatia. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, Budapest, Hungary, 64(4), 325-342.

Lončar, J., Marinković, V.: Development and regional economic problems and perspectives: Case study Slavonia and Baranja (Croatia). Zbornik Matice srpske za društvene nauke, 148, 629-642.

Lukić, A., Jakovčić, M., 2004: Location and function of hypermarkets and shopping centers in Zagreb. Dela 22, 39-54

Njegač, D., 1991: Neki pokazatelji polariziranog razvoja Hrvatskog zagorja. Radovi GO 26, 79-98

Njegač, D., Gašparović, S., Stipešević, Z., 2010: Promjene u funkcionalno-prostornoj strukturi Osijeka nakon 1991. godine. Hrvatski geografski glasnik 72 (2), 101-121 

Njegač, D., Gašparović, S., Stipešević, Z., 2012: Promjene u morfološkoj strukturi Osijeka nakon 1991. godine. Acta Geographica Croatica 38, 59-73

Njegač, D., Toskić, A., 1999: Rural diversification and socio-economic transformation in Croatia. GeoJournal 46, 263-269, Dordrecht

Stiperski, Z., Pavlakovich, V. K., 2001: Odnosi i veze u prigraničnim područjima na primjeru hrvatsko-slovenske granice. Dela 16 – Socialnogeografska problematika obmejnih območij ob slovensko-hrvaški meji. Ljubljana, 119-134

Stiperski, Z., 1995: Hijerarhija činitelja industrijske lokacije na primjeru zapadne Hrvatske. Prostor, Vol. 3., Br. 1(9). Zagreb. 11-24

Stiperski, Z., Kamenov, Ž., 1996:  Razlozi doseljavanja u Zagreb. Prilog anketnom istraživanju urbanizacijskih činitelja. Prostor, 4 (2), Zagreb, 147-156

Stiperski, Z., Lončar, J., 2008: Changes in Levels of Economic Development among the States Formed in the Area of Former Yugoslavia. Hrvatski geografski glasnik. 70 (2), Zagreb, 5-32

Stiperski, Z., Lorber, L., Heršak E., Ptaček P., Gorka Z., Kološ A., Lončar J., Faričić J., Miličević M., Vujaković A., Hruška A., 2011: Identity through Urban Nomenclature: Eight Central European Cities. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 111(2), 181-194

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTION METHODS
Lectures and consultations. Each course teacher shall deliver 2-4 lectures, depending on the representation of the theme and methodology.

DESCRIPTION OF COURSE/MODULE REQUIREMENTS
Regular attendance at lectures. Giving form to the methodological framework of his/her own research. Fulfilment of obligations shall be confirmed by the course teachers by their signatures in the student’s record book (Index).

DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING OF TEACHING QUALITY
The mechanisms of institutional monitoring of teaching quality (the Regulations on Doctoral Study of the University of Zagreb, Form DR.SC. -04, DR.SC. -09).

ECTS: The ECTS system shall not be applied.